无人机航测技术在广东省和平县第三次全国国土调查中的应用     

张建辉 《北京测绘》2020,(4):511-513

第三次全国国土调查是查实查清我国国土资源利用现状的重要手段,对提高国土资源利用效率和建设信息化社会有着积极的推动作用。本文以广东省和平县第三次国土调查项目为基础,将无人机航测技术应用于本次三调中,快速的获取了调查区高分辨率的航拍影像数据,结合GNSS技术等进行外业核查和补绘,生产出了符合三调精度要求的DOM、DEM产品,对编制各类工作底图奠定了基础。实践证明,将无人机航测技术应用第三次全国国土调查中具有明显的优势,主要体现在精度高、效率快、成本低、利用率高等方面。  相似文献   

蔚县矿区地面沉陷InSAR多维形变监测     

杜建涛  闫丽  赵超英 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):168-173

河北蔚县是我国华北地区最大的地下采煤区之一，该地区长期存在采矿塌陷灾害，不仅威胁采矿安全，而且严重破坏当地生态环境。本文基于合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）这一新型空间对地观测技术，采用61景Sentinel-1A/B干涉宽幅（Interferometric Wide swath，IW）模式数据进行矿区形变观测，获取整个矿区在2017—2018年间的地表形变空间分布特征，并对矿区地表的沉降量级及面积进行详细的统计分析。此外，采用融合多轨道SAR数据的多维形变时序估计方法，对西细庄矿数据进行东西向和垂向的二维形变分解，获取该矿的二维形变时间序列。结果表明:除南留庄井田外，其余三大井田在监测期间均存在不同程度的地面沉陷灾害；整个矿区年沉陷速率超过-10 cm/a的区域达到了2.16 km2；受成像几何影响，不同轨道数据获取的形变结果存在一定差异；西细庄矿以垂向形变为主，伴随明显的东西向水平形变。研究结果为蔚县矿区地面沉陷监测与煤矿安全开采提供数据参考。   相似文献   

西藏雄村斑岩型铜(金)矿床Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体热液黑云母特征及地质意义     

肖鸿天  谢富伟  郎兴海  冉凤琴 《岩石矿物学杂志》2020,39(4):469-480

雄村铜(金)矿区位于西藏冈底斯成矿带中段南缘,由Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ号矿体和多个矿化体组成。本文以Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体钾硅酸盐化蚀变带内的热液黑云母为研究对象,采用光薄片镜下鉴定、电子探针等分析方法,系统研究了热液黑云母的产状和成分特征。结果显示,雄村矿区Ⅰ号矿体黑云母类型主要为金云母和镁质黑云母;Ⅱ号矿体黑云母类型为镁质黑云母。两个矿体黑云母都具有低Ti(TiO_2 3%)、高Al(Al_2O_315%)的特点,且具有较高的MgO含量,Mg/Fe0.5,K/Na10,显示了与矿化良好的相关性。Ⅰ号矿体热液黑云母平均结晶温度470℃,氧逸度位于镍-氧化镍缓冲剂与磁铁矿-钛铁矿缓冲剂之间(NNO—HM);Ⅱ号矿体热液黑云母平均结晶温度234℃,氧逸度位于镍-氧化镍缓冲剂与铁橄榄石-石英-磁铁矿缓冲剂之间(NNO—FQM),说明Ⅰ号矿体形成于较高温、高氧逸度的热液系统,Ⅱ号矿体形成于相对较低温、低氧逸度的热液系统。此外,Ⅰ号矿体热液黑云母Ⅳ(F)值介于0.61～2.72之间,平均值1.26,Ⅳ(Cl)值介于-5.49～-4.53之间,平均值-5.03,Ⅳ(F/Cl)值介于5.63～7.89之间,平均值6.29;Ⅱ号矿体热液黑云母Ⅳ(F)值介于1.83～3.32之间,平均值2.66,Ⅳ(Cl)值介于-5.64～-4.89之间,平均值-5.31,Ⅳ(F/Cl)值介于7.14～8.68之间,平均值7.97,说明Ⅰ、Ⅱ号矿体都形成于富Cl的热液系统,且Ⅱ号矿体热液较Ⅰ号矿体更富Cl,贫F。富Cl流体易萃取流体中的Cu和Au等金属元素并以Cl的络合物形式运移,在沿构造裂隙向上运移的过程中,物理化学条件发生改变,使得流体中金属元素络合物溶解度降低,促使硫化物沉淀成矿。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地西南部三叠纪末抬升剥蚀事件及热年代学记录   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

王建强  刘池洋  赵红格  张东东  ZATTIN Massimiliano  彭恒 《岩石学报》2020,36(4):1199-1212

三叠纪末期大型鄂尔多斯盆地遭受了中生代成盆以来首次较大规模的抬升剥蚀,显著改造了中晚三叠世延长期盆地面貌,并控制了侏罗纪早期沉积格局和油藏分布,对盆地演化及矿产资源分布产生了重要影响。本文利用地质及大量钻井资料揭示了该期构造事件对盆地的剥蚀改造特征,盆地及周邻地区磷灰石裂变径迹年代学记录并约束了此次构造抬升的时限与过程;综合周邻区域构造研究成果,探讨了其发育的动力学背景。结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地三叠纪末期的剥蚀具西南强、东北弱的特点,西南部大范围内延长组地层残缺不全,剥蚀量最大可达1000余米;前侏罗纪沉积古地貌总体呈西南高、北东低的特点;其抬升时间始于205～190Ma,西南部稍早于盆地腹部,抬升速率大于1℃/Myr,可持续至中侏罗世(约160Ma)。该期抬升剥蚀事件范围可涉及至盆地西南缘更广阔的区域,与同期秦岭造山带内出现的快速抬升冷却事件具有较好的时空耦合关系,是对秦岭造山带区域构造环境转变的响应和纪录。该研究丰富和发展了三叠纪末期构造事件在华北克拉通的影响,对该区油气、煤炭资源的进一步勘探和评价提供了新的思路,具有一定的现实意义。  相似文献   

应用最小二乘法建立钾长石释光测年标准生长曲线     

杨宏宇  赵晖  王兴繁 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):97-104

标准生长曲线（Standardised Growth Curve，SGC）法的提出为高效快速地测定释光样品的等效剂量（D_e）值提供了可能。不同实验室的放射源剂量率、操作流程、仪器误差等的不同会导致SGC参数的不同。运用最小二乘法标准化实验剂量校正后的信号L_ri/T_ri*D_e得到一条本实验室的标准生长曲线，用来快速得到等效剂量值。通过R软件实现了最小二乘法标准化过程，建立了50、100、150、200、250℃激发温度下的钾长石的标准生长曲线，分析发现250℃下的SGC收敛性最好，由于此温度下的信号衰退率可忽略不计，因此，我们用250℃激发温度下的SGC方程来估计样品的等效剂量。比较250℃ SGC D_e和250℃ MET-pIRIR D_e的一致性，发现在0~500 Gy范围内用SGC法估计的D_e和MET-pIRIR法估计的D_e非常接近，表明了此范围内SGC法的可靠性，而在>600 Gy范围内出现较大差别。一方面，此范围内用于拟合SGC的数据点较少导致高剂量区域内拟合的方程参数不够准确；另一方面，600 Gy与SGC对应的饱和剂量水平值844.5 Gy已经接近，所以在>600 Gy区域测出的D_e很可能出现较大偏差。因此需在今后工作中逐步积累更多样品，完善SGC参数，使其也能胜任较老年龄样品。  相似文献   

Developing a comprehensive evaluation method for Interconnected River System Network assessment: A case study in Tangxun Lake group     

Yang  Wei  Zhang  Liping  Zhang  Yanjun  Li  Zongli  Xiao  Yi  Xia  Jun 《地理学报(英文版)》2019,29(3):389-405

Journal of Geographical Sciences - The Interconnected River System Network (IRSN) plays a crucial role in water resource allocation, water ecological restoration and water quality improvement. It...  相似文献   

DFT对Rb⁺水合团簇及其相关性质的分析          下载免费PDF全文

张文倩  葛蒲  房春晖  周永全  朱发岩  刘红艳  李武 《盐湖研究》2019,27(3):81-92

运用密度泛函理论(DFT)在ωB97XD/gen (O、H元素Aug-cc-PVDZ; Rb元素Lanl2DZ)基组水平上研究了[Rb(H_2O)_n]~+(n=1～12)水合团簇的结构和光谱学性质。研究结果表明,通过分析气相和液相中的稳定能以及水合团簇可知,稳定构型出现在8配位的团簇中。第一配位层水分子数为8时形成Rb~+第一近似饱和水合层。此外,拉曼光谱显示[Rb(H_2O)_n]~+(n=1～12)水合团簇中O-H伸缩振动峰随着水分子数增加发生移动和加宽,Rb~+发生水合时,O-H对称和非对称伸缩振动发生红移,随着水合数的增多,频率蓝移。此外,文中对拉曼光谱中O-H振动的频率位置结合团簇结构进行了说明。  相似文献   

A probabilistic approach for computing water retention of particulate systems from statistics of grain size and tessellated pore network     

Richard Wan  Mehdi Pouragha  Mahdad Eghbalian  Jérôme Duriez  Tai Wong 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2019,43(5):956-973

The paper offers an analytical determination of the hydraulic properties of an unsaturated soil with reference to its retention curve, which describes the relationship between the volumetric water content and capillarity through matric suction. The analysis combines a particulate approach focused on the physics at the pore scale, including microstructural aspects, with a probabilistic approach where the void space and grain size are considered as random variables. In the end, the soil water characteristic curve of an unsaturated granular medium along a drying path can be derived analytically based on the sole information of particle size distribution. The analysis hinges on the tessellation of a wet granular system into an assemblage of tetrahedral unit cells revealing a pore network upon which capillary physics are computed with respect to pore throat invasion by a non-wetting fluid with evolving pendular capillary bridges. The crux of the paper is to pass from particle size probability distribution to a matching void space distribution to eventually reveal key information such as void cell and solid volume statistics. Making reasonable statistically based assumptions to render calculations tractable, the water retention curve can be readily constructed. Model predictions compare quite favourably with experimental data available for actual soils, especially in the high saturation range. Having a sound scientific basis, the model can be made amenable to address a variety of soils with a wider range of particle sizes.  相似文献   

南海东北部陆架边缘第四纪高分辨率层序地层和沉积体系演化及其控制因素     

刘汉尧  林畅松  张忠涛  张博  姜静  田洪训  刘欢 《海洋学报(英文版)》2019,38(5):86-98

The northeastern shelf margin of the South China Sea(SCS) is characterized by the development of large scale foresets complexes since Quaternary. Based on integral analysis of the seismic, well logging and paleontological data, successions since ～3.0 Ma can be defined as one composite sequence, consist of a set of regional transgressive to regressive sequences. They can be further divided into six 3 rd order sequences(SQ0–SQ5) based on the Exxon sequence stratigraphic model. Since ～1.6 Ma, five sets of deltaic systems characterized by development of wedge-shaped foresets complexes or clinoforms had been identified. High-resolution seismic data and the thick foresets allowed further divided of sub-depositional sequences(4 th order) of regression to transgression, which is basically consistent with published stacked benthic foram O-isotope records. Depositional systems identified in the study area include deltaic deposits(inner-shelf deltas and shelf-edge deltas), incised valleys, and slope slumping massive deposits. Since ～1.6 Ma, clinoforms prograded from the southern Panyu Lower Uplift toward the northern Baiyun Depression, shelf slope break migrated seaward, whereas the shelf edge of SQ0 migrated landward. The development of incised valleys in the continental shelf increased upward,especially intensive on the SB3 and SB2. The slumping massive deposits increased abruptly since SB2, which corresponds to the development of incised valleys. The evolution of depositional systems of continental slope mainly controlled by the combined influence of sea level changes, tectonic movements, sediment supply and climate changes. Since ～3.0 Ma, relative sea level of the northern SCS had been experienced transgression(～3.0 Ma BP) to regression(～1.6 Ma BP). The regional regression and maximum transgressions of the composite sequences were apparently enhanced by uplift or subsidence related to tectono-thermal events. In addition,climatic variations including monsoon intensification and the mid-Pleistocene transition may have enhanced sediment supply by increasing erosion rate and have an indispensable influence on the development of the incised valleys and 5 sets of deltaic systems since ～1.6 Ma.  相似文献   

Research on the Method of De-noising the Short-wave Time Signal at Low SNR     

《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》2019,43(4):579-589

A voice enhancement algorithm based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and the improved spectral subtraction is proposed for the low-SNR (Signal Noise Ratio) shortwave time signal. This method is proposed to solve the problem that the shortwave time signal cannot be used for timing in complex noisy environments. The core idea of this method is to use the Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) algorithm to make the empirical mode decomposition on the noisy shortwave signal, and to select the intrinsic mode functions containing the shortwave signal information for the signal reconstruction by through the maximum correlation. Then, to make the spectral subtraction on the reconstructed signal to achieve the purpose of noise reduction. The experimental result shows that this method has a better noise reduction than the traditional methods.  相似文献